Melatonin

Melatonin plays a crucial role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle, also known as the circadian rhythm. Here's how melatonin works in sleep:

1. Circadian Rhythm Regulation: The release of melatonin is controlled by the body's internal clock, which is influenced by external cues, primarily light and darkness. When it starts to get dark in the evening, the pineal gland in the brain begins to produce and release melatonin.
2. Biological Clock: Melatonin production is a signal to the body that it's time to prepare for sleep. The rise in melatonin levels serves as a biological clock, telling various systems in the body to wind down and transition from wakefulness to sleep.
3. Sleep Onset: As melatonin levels increase in the evening, it helps reduce alertness and promote drowsiness, making it easier to fall asleep. This effect can be particularly helpful for individuals who have difficulty falling asleep, such as those with insomnia or jet lag.
4. Duration of Sleep: Melatonin levels remain elevated throughout the night, helping to regulate the duration of sleep. It is gradually metabolized and cleared from the body, allowing you to awaken in the morning as melatonin levels decrease, signaling the transition from sleep to wakefulness.